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				<h2>PHP数组操作详解</h2>				<h3><em>分类</em> <a href="../w3cnote_genre/code" title="编程技术" >编程技术</a> </h3>
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					<h2>概述</h2>

<p>数组是程序设计中，把具有相同类型的若干变量按有序的形式组织起来的，这些按序排列的同类数据元素的集合称为数组。我们可以把PHP数组变量理解为可以容纳一个或多个值的"容器"。</p>

<p>要访问一个变量的内容，可以直接使用其名称。如果该变量是一个数组，可以使用变量名称和关键字或索引的组合来访问其内容。</p>

<p>像其他变量一样，使用运算符<code>=</code>可以改变数组元素的内容。数组单元可以通过 <code>array[key]</code> 语法来访问。</p>

<p><img decoding="async" src="//www.runoob.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/3879068348-5544ccec5ac1c_articlex.jpg" alt="数组运算符" width="600" height="174" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-12071" srcset="http://www.runoob.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/3879068348-5544ccec5ac1c_articlex.jpg 600w, http://www.runoob.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/3879068348-5544ccec5ac1c_articlex-300x87.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></p>

<h2>数组的基本操作</h2>

<h3>php定义数组</h3>

<pre>
&lt;?php  
    $array = array();  
    $array["key"] = "values";  
?&gt; 
</pre>

<p>在<code>PHP</code>中声明数组的方式主要有两种：</p>

<p>1.用<code>array()</code>函数声明数组。<br>
2.直接为数组元素赋值。</p>

<pre>
&lt;?php
    //array数组
    $users = array('phone','computer','dos','linux');
    echo $users;//只会打印出数据类型Array
    print_r($users);//Array ( [0] =&gt; phone [1] =&gt; computer [2] =&gt; dos [3] =&gt; linux )

    $numbers = range(1,5);//创建一个包含指定范围的数组
    print_r($numbers);//Array ( [0] =&gt; 1 [1] =&gt; 2 [2] =&gt; 3 [3] =&gt; 4 [4] =&gt; 5 )
    print_r(true);//1
    var_dump(false);//bool(false)

//print_r可以把字符串和数字简单地打印出来，数组会以Array开头并已键值形式表示，print_r输出布尔值和null的结果没有意义，因此用var_dump更合适

//通过循环来显示数组里所有的值
    for($i = 0 ;$i &lt; 5;$i++){
        echo $users[$i];
        echo '&lt;br/&gt;';
    }

//通过count/sizeof统计数组中单元数目或对象中的属性个数

    for($i = 0; $i &lt; count($users);$i++){
        echo $users[$i];
        echo '&lt;br/&gt;';
    }
//还可以通过foreach循环来遍历数组，这种好处在于不需要考虑key
    foreach($users as $value){
        echo $value.'&lt;br/&gt;';//点号为字符串连接符号
    }
//foreach循环遍历 $key =&gt; $value；$key和$value是变量名，可以自行设置
    foreach($users as $key =&gt; $value){
        echo $key.'&lt;br/&gt;';//输出键
    }
?&gt;
</pre>

<h3>创建自定义键的数组</h3>

<pre>
&lt;?php

    //创建自定义键的数组
    $ceo = array('apple'=&gt;'jobs','microsoft'=&gt;'Nadella','Larry Page','Eric');
    //如果不去声明元素的key,它会从零开始
    print_r($ceo);//Array ( [apple] =&gt; jobs [microsoft] =&gt; Nadella [0] =&gt; Larry Page [1] =&gt; Eric )

    echo $ceo['apple'];//jobs

     //php5.4起的用法
    $array = [
        "foo" =&gt; "bar",
        "bar" =&gt; "foo",
    ];

    print_r($array);//Array ( [foo] =&gt; bar [bar] =&gt; foo ) 

?&gt;
</pre>

<p>从<code>php5.4</code> 起可以使用短数组定义语法，用 <code>[]</code> 替代 <code>array()</code>。有点类似于<code>javascript</code>中数组的定义。</p>

<h3>each()的使用</h3>

<pre>
&lt;?php
    //通过为数组元素赋值来创建数组
    $ages['trigkit4'] = 22;
    echo $ages.'&lt;br/&gt;';//Array
    //因为相关数组的索引不是数字，所以无法通过for循环来进行遍历操作，只能通过foreach循环或list()和each()结构

    //each的使用
    //each返回数组中当前的键/值对并将数组指针向前移动一步
    $users = array('trigkit4'=&gt;22,'mike'=&gt;20,'john'=&gt;30);
    //print_r(each($users));//Array ( [1] =&gt; 22 [value] =&gt; 22 [0] =&gt; trigkit4 [key] =&gt; trigkit4 )

   //相当于：$a = array([0]=&gt;trigkit4,[1]=&gt;22,[value]=&gt;22,[key]=&gt;trigkit4);
    $a = each($users);//each把原来的数组的第一个元素拿出来包装成新数组后赋值给$a
    echo $a[0];//trigkit4

    //!!表示将真实存在的数据转换成布尔值
    echo !!each($users);//1

?&gt;
</pre>

<p><code>each</code>的指针指向第一个键值对，并返回第一个数组元素，获取其键值对，并包装成新数组</p>

<h3>list()的使用</h3>

<p><code>list</code>用来把数组用的值赋给一些变量，看下面例子：</p>

<pre>
&lt;?php

    $a = ['2','abc','def'];
    list($var1,$var2) = $a;
    echo $var1.'&lt;br/&gt;';//2
    echo $var2;//abc

    $a = ['name'=&gt;'trigkit4','age'=&gt;22,'0'=&gt;'boy'];
    //list只认识key为数字的索引
    list($var1,$var2) = $a;

    echo $var1;//boy

?&gt;
</pre>

<p>注：<code>list</code>只认识key为数字的索引</p>

<h2>数组元素的排序</h2>

<pre>
反向排序:sort()、asort()和 ksort()都是正向排序,当然也有相对应的反向排序. 
实现反向:rsort()、arsort()和 krsort()。

array_unshift()函数将新元素添加到数组头,array_push()函数将每个新元素添加到数组 的末尾。
array_shift()删除数组头第一个元素,与其相反的函数是 array_pop(),删除并返回数组末 尾的一个元素。
array_rand()返回数组中的一个或多个键。

函数shuffle()将数组个元素进 行随机排序。
函数 array_reverse()给出一个原来数组的反向排序
</pre>

<h2>数组的各类API的使用</h2>

<p>注：count()和 sizeof()统计数组下标的个数<br /> 
array_count_values()统计数组内下标值的个数</p>

<pre>

&lt;?php
    $numbers = array('100','2');
    sort($numbers,SORT_STRING);//按字符串排序，字符串只比较第一位大小
    print_r($numbers);//Array ( [0] =&gt; 100 [1] =&gt; 2 )

    $arr = array('trigkit4','banner','10');
    sort($arr,SORT_STRING);
    print_r($arr);//Array ( [0] =&gt; 10 [1] =&gt; banner [2] =&gt; trigkit4 )

    shuffle($arr);
    print_r($arr);//随机排序

    $array = array('a','b','c','d','0','1');
    array_reverse($array);
    print_r($array);//原数组的反向排序。 Array ( [0] =&gt; a [1] =&gt; b [2] =&gt; c [3] =&gt; d [4] =&gt; 0 [5] =&gt; 1 )


    //数组的拷贝
    $arr1  = array( '10' , 2);
    $arr2  =  &amp;$arr1 ;
    $arr2 [] =  4 ;  // $arr2 被改变了,$arr1仍然是array('10', 3)
    print_r($arr2);//Array ( [0] =&gt; 10 [1] =&gt; 2 [2] =&gt; 4 )

    //asort的使用
    $arr3  = &amp; $arr1 ;//现在arr1和arr3是一样的
    $arr3 [] =  '3' ;
    asort($arr3);//对数组进行排序并保留原始关系
    print_r($arr3);// Array ( [1] =&gt; 2 [2] =&gt; 3 [0] =&gt; 10 )

    //ksort的使用
    $fruits = array('c'=&gt;'banana','a'=&gt;'apple','d'=&gt;'orange');
    ksort($fruits);
    print_r($fruits);//Array ( [a] =&gt; apple [c] =&gt; banana [d] =&gt; orange )

   //unshift的使用
    array_unshift($array,'z');//开头处添加一元素
    print_r($array);//Array ( [0] =&gt; z [1] =&gt; a [2] =&gt; b [3] =&gt; c [4] =&gt; d [5] =&gt; 0 [6] =&gt; 1 )  

    //current(pos)的使用
    echo current($array);//z;获取当前数组中的当前单元

    //next的使用
    echo next($array);//a;将数组中的内部指针向前移动一位

    //reset的使用
    echo reset($array);//z;将数组内部指针指向第一个单元

    //prev的使用
    echo next($array);//a;
    echo prev($array);//z;倒回一位

    //sizeof的使用
    echo sizeof($array);//7；统计数组元素的个数

    //array_count_values
    $num = array(10,20,30,10,20,1,0,10);//统计数组元素出现的次数
    print_r(array_count_values($num));//Array ( [10] =&gt; 3 [20] =&gt; 2 [30] =&gt; 1 [1] =&gt; 1 [0] =&gt; 1 ) 

?&gt;
</pre>

<p><code>current()</code>：每个数组都有一个内部指针指向他的当前单元，初始指向插入到数组中的第一个元素</p>

<h2>for循环遍历</h2>

<pre>
&lt;?php
    $value = range(0,120,10);
    for($i=0;$i&lt;count($value);$i++){
        print_r($value[$i].' ');//0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 
    }
?&gt;
</pre>

<h2>数组的实例</h2>

<h3>array_pad函数的使用</h3>

<pre>
&lt;?php
    //array_pad函数，数组数组首尾选择性追加
    $num = array(1=&gt;10,2=&gt;20,3=&gt;30);
    $num = array_pad($num,4,40);
    print_r($num);//Array ( [0] =&gt; 10 [1] =&gt; 20 [2] =&gt; 30 [3] =&gt; 40 )

    $num = array_pad($num,-5,50);//array_pad(array,size,value)
    print_r($num);//Array ( [0] =&gt; 50 [1] =&gt; 10 [2] =&gt; 20 [3] =&gt; 30 [4] =&gt; 40 ) 
?&gt;
</pre>

<p><code>size</code>:指定的长度。整数则填补到右侧，负数则填补到左侧。</p>

<h3>unset()的使用</h3>

<pre>
&lt;?php
    //unset()的使用
    $num = array_fill(0,5,rand(1,10));//rand(min,max)
    print_r($num);//Array ( [0] =&gt; 8 [1] =&gt; 8 [2] =&gt; 8 [3] =&gt; 8 [4] =&gt; 8 ) 
    echo '&lt;br/&gt;';

    unset($num[3]);
    print_r($num);//Array ( [0] =&gt; 8 [1] =&gt; 8 [2] =&gt; 8 [4] =&gt; 8 ) 
?&gt;
</pre>

<h3>array_fill()的使用</h3>

<pre>
&lt;?php
    //array_fill()的使用
    $num = range('a','e');
    $arrayFilled = array_fill(1,2,$num);//array_fill(start,number,value)
    echo '&lt;pre&gt;';

    print_r($arrayFilled);

?&gt;
</pre>

<h3>array_combine()的使用</h3>

<pre>
&lt;?php
    $number = array(1,2,3,4,5);
    $array = array("I","Am","A","PHP","er");
    $newArray = array_combine($number,$array);
    print_r($newArray);//Array ( [1] =&gt; I [2] =&gt; Am [3] =&gt; A [4] =&gt; PHP [5] =&gt; er ) 
?&gt;
</pre>

<h3>array_splice()删除数组成员</h3>

<pre>
&lt;?php
    $color = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");
    count ($color); //得到4
    array_splice($color,1,1); //删除第二个元素
    print_r(count ($color)); //3
    echo $color[2]; //yellow
    echo $color[1]; //blue
?&gt;
</pre>

<h3>array_unique删除数组中的重复值</h3>

<pre>
&lt;?php
    $color=array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow","blue","green");
    $result = array_unique($color);
    print_r($result);//Array ( [0] =&gt; red [1] =&gt; green [2] =&gt; blue [3] =&gt; yellow ) 
?&gt;
</pre>

<h3>array_flip()交换数组的键值和值</h3>

<pre>
&lt;?php
    $array = array("red","blue","red","Black");
    print_r($array);
    echo "&lt;br /&gt;";
    $array = array_flip($array);//
    print_r($array);//Array ( [red] =&gt; 2 [blue] =&gt; 1 [Black] =&gt; 3 ) 
?&gt;
</pre>

<h3>array_search()搜索数值</h3>

<pre>
&lt;meta charset="utf-8"&gt;
&lt;?php
   $array = array("red","blue","red","Black");
   $result=array_search("red",$array)//array_search(value,array,strict)
    if(($result === NULL)){
        echo "不存在数值red";
    }else{
        echo "存在数值 $result";//存在数值 0 
    }
?&gt;
</pre>

<h2>更多教程</h2>
<p>更详细教程可参考：<a href="../php/php-tutorial.html" title="PHP 教程">PHP 教程</a></p>

<p>作者：trigkit4<br />
来源：http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000002723270</p>				</div>
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